Routing protocols

ID:0217358

· These protocols that filter network traffic.
· They have many routes between them.
· It depends on the router to choose the best path i.e maintain routing table.
· It can do different number of functions like hop number, bandwidth, latency, average error rates, current network traffic etc.

· There are different types of protocols of routing.
· Routing information protocols (RIP)
· Interior gateway routing protocol (IGRP)
· Open shortest path first (OSPF)
· Exterior gateway protocol (EGP)
· Enhanced interior gateway routing protocol (EIGRP)
· Border gateway protocol (BGP)
· Intermediate system-to-intermediate system (IS-IS)

Routing fundamentals

· The network layer has two types of protocols like routing protocols and routed protocols.
· In routing protocols router share information with each other. Protocols like RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, and OSPF.
· In routed protocols any of the network protocols address a host and a destination on to the given network. Protocols like IP, IPX, and NetBEUI.
· Another thing is that basically there are two types of routing.
· Dynamic routing.
· Static routing.
· Default routing.

Dynamic routing

· In dynamic routing monitor network can change their routing tables.
· They knows everything about the internet work.
· They can do security concerns for the path selections.
· Different factors can be involved in dynamic routing. They are as follows.
· Bandwidth
· Delay
· Load
· Reliability
· Hop count
· Ticks
· Cost

Dynamic update

· The knowledge is contained in the updates.
· When the router send the updates.
· It tells us the location of the recipients updates.
· It is send by two different methods
· Broadcast method
· Event - driven.

Default routing

· In this technique they are defined by system administrator and define the path that is taken if there is no route known for destination.

Static routing

· In this type of routing system administrator can sets manual routes for the network.
· This type of configuration can reduce overheads of dynamic routing.
· It allows the internet work administrator to specify the information about the network.

Routing protocols technique

· Basically there are three types of routing protocols technique.
· Distance- vector examples are (RIP, IGRP)
· Link -state examples are (OSPF, BGP, EGP)
· Hybrid examples are (IS-IS, EIGRP)

Distance -vector:-

· In this technique it use distance -vector algorithm which uses a direction to any link in the interconnection network to determine the best route.
· Each router periodically send information to he neighbour on the cost to get to distance node.
· The main problem with distance -vector is that it updates the network step by step so it requires more bandwidth to process the information.

Problems with distance -vector

· Different types of problems are.
· Routing loops
· Counting to infinity
· Solutions
· setting infinity values
· split horizon
· hold-down timers
· same neighbour problem
· different neighbour better metric
· different neighbour poorer metric

Link state:-

· It maintains a complex database on the topology of the network.
· It uses the link state algorithm (LSA) to advertise the routing information from routers.
· Each router builts up a topological database with themselves at the top of the tree.
· Routers keep communicating with neighbours at latest state.

Problem with link-state

· It requires more processing power to communicate with each other.
· It requires more memory to store LSA and topological database.
· Link state updates
· Scaling
· It initially sends up high demand for updates.

Hybrid routing

· It uses a combination of both balance and hybrid routing.
· It uses distance -vector technique for more accurate metrics to determine the best path.
· It reports routing information when change occurs in topology - link-state.
· Intermediate system-to-intermediate system (IS-IS).
· Enhance interior gateway routing protocol (EIGRP).

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Mahaboob S. Pattan

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON

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